subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_03_Ita_Intro.bik_10 "I will lead you through the most fertile plains in the world. You will find there honour, glory and riches!" he told us False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_03_Ita_Intro.bik_11 The soldiers listened, but they didn’t believe. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_03_Ita_Intro.bik_12 They had long been without hope, without glory. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_04_Ita_Outro.bik_01 We cheered his name. We cheered for France. For victory. Because we had lived. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_04_Ita_Outro.bik_02 Now we trusted him. We were the Little Corporal’s soldiers. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_04_Ita_Outro.bik_03 The Austrians did not cheer. They feared this rustic Corsican. Their pride was stung: beaten by an uncouth man. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_04_Ita_Outro.bik_04 Pride did not stop them making peace. For a time. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_04_Ita_Outro.bik_05 "I foresaw what I might be," Napoleon said, "I felt the earth flee before me as if I was carried into the sky." False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_05_Egy_Intro.bik_01 It was an age of exploration, of conquest everywhere. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_05_Egy_Intro.bik_02 Frenchmen travelled the world: teaching, learning, trading. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_05_Egy_Intro.bik_03 Always, the British were a threat. Their merchants took the best. Their ships strangled our trade. As Britain grew wealthy, France suffered. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_05_Egy_Intro.bik_04 In the heat of summer, Napoleon landed in Egypt. Now, the East and its wealth would be ours. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_05_Egy_Intro.bik_05 Egypt. Here the sands whisper stories of ancient victories and glories. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_05_Egy_Intro.bik_06 Here, Napoleon felt the history of forty centuries upon his shoulders. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_05_Egy_Intro.bik_07 “What I have done up to now is nothing” he said. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_05_Egy_Intro.bik_08 But the desert is harsh, unforgiving: bravery alone will not keep a man alive. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_06_Egy_Outro.bik_01 Egypt. A victory here is to stand alongside Alexander, Caesar to be almost a God! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_06_Egy_Outro.bik_02 December 1804: I was in Notre Dame. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_06_Egy_Outro.bik_03 With pride I watched Napoleon became the Emperor of France. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_06_Egy_Outro.bik_04 "I found the French crown in the gutter," he said, "And I picked it up." False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_06_Egy_Outro.bik_05 Vive L’Empereur! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_07_Eur_Intro.bik_01 France was a flame! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_07_Eur_Intro.bik_02 Napoleon gave France greatness. He gave France everything: glory, justice, and law. Nothing was untouched: his code made justice a reality for all. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_07_Eur_Intro.bik_03 I watched the Emperor at work: he was a force of nature, a storm, blowing away the cobwebs. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_07_Eur_Intro.bik_04 The old enemies plotted against him: Britain, Austria, Russia, and their lickspittles. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_07_Eur_Intro.bik_05 Napoleon was to be removed and his flame extinguished. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_07_Eur_Intro.bik_06 We worked to stop them. In 1805 all of France, his empire, prepared for war. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_08_Eur_Outro.bik_01 Our enemies said we could not win. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_08_Eur_Outro.bik_02 What difference, they asked, could one man make? False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_08_Eur_Outro.bik_03 Every difference, I replied, if that man is Napoleon. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_08_Eur_Outro.bik_04 Napoleon watched their cities fall. He expected victory, nothing less would do. Victory came because he willed it. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_08_Eur_Outro.bik_05 Napoleon’s will ? Napoleon’s ambition ? set a match to the kindling of the world. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_01 A Russian winter: only a widow’s heart is colder. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_02 Soldiers died in the saddle. Their horses died beneath them. The Grand Army ? died. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_03 The vultures gathered. Our enemies formed the Sixth Coalition ? the sixth! ? against Napoleon, against one man! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_04 We fought. It was not enough. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_05 In April 1814, Napoleon renounced the throne… False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_06 time seemed to stop. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_07 Tiny Elba was to be his island empire. He stayed 10 months. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_08 In Spring 1815 Napoleon came home. He had no choice but to march on Paris. The worthless Bourbon king fled. Destiny awoke! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_09 Europe turned against us. Napoleon was “an enemy and disturber of the tranquillity of the world.” War was forced on us. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_10 The Emperor made his plans: go north, destroy the British and the Prussians separately, before they could meet. It would work. It had to work. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_11 The British made their stand on the Brussels road. Waterloo. French cannons and bayonets would carry the day. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_12 Then it began to rain. Napoleon had wanted dry ground ? he could not not manoeuvre his artillery in the mud. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_13 On that June morning, Napoleon spoke to us: "This day will decide the destiny of Europe. This day is everything. If we lose, we have nothing." False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_09_Waterloo.bik_14 Once again, the cannons would speak. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_10_Win.bik_01 Waterloo: by nightfall, the only Englishmen on the field were dead, dying or captive. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_10_Win.bik_02 France was safe. The Emperor was triumphant. This was his greatest victory. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_10_Win.bik_03 I do not think France will see his like again. I pray that it is never necessary. Glory like that can only be survived once. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_10_Win.bik_04 Some men live and die in the shade of their olive trees. Some men change the world. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_10_Win.bik_05 "My true title of glory is that I will live forever." False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_11_Lose.bik_01 Waterloo: by nightfall, even the Old Guard was running. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_11_Lose.bik_02 Dear God! That such a thing could happen! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_11_Lose.bik_03 Surrender was bitter: exile to St. Helena, a speck of rock ? I do not like to think of it. Remembered glories are sour, by their very nature. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_11_Lose.bik_04 Some men live and die in the shade of their olive trees. Some change the world, even in defeat. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NCS_11_Lose.bik_05 "Death is nothing, but to live defeated and inglorious is to die daily." False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_01_Arcole.bik_01 Austrians annoy me. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_01_Arcole.bik_02 Their constant attempts to break the siege of Mantua had to be stopped. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_01_Arcole.bik_03 I had to intercept the Austrians in open battle. Now, even after I have beaten them, more is needed False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_01_Arcole.bik_04 Here, at Arcole, I will lead the army across the Alpone River and through the Austrian lines. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_02_Pyramids.bik_01 Victory in Italy! Now Egypt. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_02_Pyramids.bik_02 Alexandria fell as I expected. I knew that Murad Bey would send his Mameluks to stop me before Cairo. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_02_Pyramids.bik_03 And, almost in the shadows of the Pyramids, the battle has come! My men will conquer for me, just as Alexander’s warriors did in ages past! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_03_Nile.bik_01 Egypt is not enough. Beyond: the road to India and the crushing of British hopes there. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_03_Nile.bik_02 I told lies, I schemed, I got my army to Egypt. But “Perfidious Albion” does not like cleverness in others, and they fell upon my fleet in Aboukir Bay False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_04_Austerlitz.bik_01 I was forced to abandon my campaign in Egypt to deal with traitors in Paris. But the bayonet is an eloquent argument! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_04_Austerlitz.bik_02 I became First Consul. I took the crown because it was there. And who else could? False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_04_Austerlitz.bik_03 But I scared Austria, Russia ? old Europe ? and they marched. Here, at Austerlitz, I will stop them! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_05_Trafalgar.bik_01 Villeneuve understands nothing. Villeneuve has achieved nothing! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_05_Trafalgar.bik_02 Without control of the seas, how can I invade England? Now, the “Army of England” must move against Austria. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_05_Trafalgar.bik_03 Villeneuve can earn his pay, and go into the Mediterranean. That should be simple enough for him… False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_06_Borodino.bik_01 If you want an Englishman to see sense, take his money! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_06_Borodino.bik_02 The Russian continued trading. Do they think I wanted to invade? To march on Moscow? False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_06_Borodino.bik_03 And now Kutuzov makes a stand, at Borodino, some speck on the map! No matter, I will dine in Moscow yet! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_07_Dresden.bik_01 Moscow did not agree with my digestion. The Russians burned it rather than leave it to me. And then treachery in Paris. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_07_Dresden.bik_02 I ordered a withdrawal. And my enemies, the Sixth Coalition, suddenly found courage. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_07_Dresden.bik_03 I must show them real soldiering again, at Dresden, to save Marshal Saint-Cyr False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_08_Ligny.bik_01 As a military man, I must be realistic about Leipzig. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_08_Ligny.bik_02 Disloyalty was worse: I was glad to go to Elba away from my self-seeking, mealy-mouthed, turncoat Marshals. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_08_Ligny.bik_03 But what is France without Napoleon? Now we march again, all France in arms! False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_09_Waterloo.bik_01 I must trust Grouchy to keep the Prussians on the run. Ney: he has forced the enemy to go north. We followed at their heels. And now, there is this English general, this Wellington. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_09_Waterloo.bik_02 They tell me he was good, in Spain. Beaten men would say that. Is he as good as me? We shall see. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_SE_01_Lodi.bik_01 Turin lay in my sights. The Piedmontese let my army pass. The Austrians under Beaulieu fell back on Milan. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_SE_01_Lodi.bik_02 I pressed hard, and caught them at Lodi. Sebottendorf can read a battlefield: he can see that I must send men over the only bridge, across the River Po, and take on his men on the east bank False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_SE_01_Lodi.bik_03 But can he see what is coming next? False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_SE_02_Friedland.bik_01 Without Berlin, the Prussians came to terms. I turned then on the Russians in Poland. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_SE_02_Friedland.bik_02 Yet at Eylau, something happened: my army shuddered, for a moment. So they had suffered? No matter. False
subtitles_subtitle_text_NHB_SE_02_Friedland.bik_03 But I had to take personal control to restore French ? that is, my ? glory. False
technologies_long_description_admin1_classical_economics \n\nClassical economics seeks to change the way a nation’s wealth is considered. No longer is the amount of money in a king’s treasury the sole measurement of national wealth. The earnings of the populace are now taken into account. With this step forward people leave feudal society and step forward as individuals seeking their own gains for their own benefit.\n\nClassical economics was eventually superseded. Its influence does still linger however, especially within the modern school of thought known as “new classical economics.”\n\nHistorically, the school of classical economics was originally created by Scottish philosopher Adam Smith, but David Ricardo is leading the school forward in its beliefs and methods. His debates on such topics as the Corn Laws with Thomas Malthus are giving theorists much to consider. One of the key questions the theory seeks to answer is: how can a society be built upon a system where man seeks to further only his own interests False
technologies_long_description_admin1_national_debt \n\nKings have always run up debts, borrowing money (sometimes at sword’s point) from subjects and great banking houses. The debt, however, was the personal responsibility of the king. The concept of national debt allows a nation to borrow to finance expansion and conquest. The nation sells bonds, and agrees to pay interest on those bonds every year. This simple idea increases the growth of national wealth and facilitates expansion by reducing upkeep costs.\n\nScottish economist, gambler, and rake John Law (1671-1729) made several advances in his field, the most notable being the introduction of the French national bank. He also proposed state control over national finances and trade. He manipulated the market by using money from monopoly trading companies to buy government bonds rather than investing in overseas enterprises. Eventually his schemes collapsed, and many Frenchmen were ruined. Law failed, but he gave the idea of government-backed bank notes, and the word “millionaire”, to the West.\n\nNational debt was extensively used by British governments to finance the wars against France and Napoleon. Despite the blockade of Napoleon’s Continental System, British trade was able to flourish and sustain the increasing mountain of debt that the war created. False
technologies_long_description_admin1_public_schooling \n\nEducation is usually the preserve of wealthy and ambitious families: the aristocracy have little need for it, because it adds no lustre to their titles; the poor have little use for it, because it rarely puts bread in their bellies. Education must be bought, and schools are generally run as privately-owned businesses. Public schooling introduces the idea of the state paying for the education of its people, sometimes regardless of their backgrounds: a radical notion in many ways. Public schooling provides a bonus to research, and increases the spawning rate of agents.\n\nGeneral state-funded public education was fiercely resisted in many influential quarters across Europe, as it was feared that teaching the poor to read would only encourage them in seditious thoughts. Britain is an oddity in that its “public” schools are nothing of the sort. They are private business establishments, where money rather than ability secures a place. The name came about because “public” schools would accept anyone who could pay, as opposed to “private” schools that accepted pupils by invitation only. False
technologies_long_description_admin2_national_census \n\nBy counting everyone in the population, a government can tax everyone; possibly taxation will be unfair, but it will be unfair to all. It also becomes possible for a government to monitor the movement of people from the countryside to towns, calculate how fast the population is growing, and even know if there will be enough men for an army. However, the most immediate impact is on tax: a census increases the tax yield.\n\nCounting people and taxation have been linked since at least Biblical times. The Directory, under Napoleon’s Consulate, carried out very successful censuses in post-revolutionary France, allowing them to collect taxes effectively and, just as vitally for Napoleon’s ambitions, know how many men were available for conscription. In Britain, the National Census was the result of work by Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) on population growth. He was convinced that a crisis was looming as the number of people outstripped the available food supply. The 1800 Census Act resulted in the British government knowing that there were nine million people in the country; this probably wasn’t all that satisfactory, as it was just over a third of the number of Frenchmen in France. False
technologies_long_description_admin3_abolition_of_slavery \n\nThe slave trade is hugely profitable for those who engage in it, whether through trade such as that from Africa to the New World, or conquest such as the depredations of European shipping by the Barbary Pirates of North Africa. The morality and necessity of slave owning, however, are disputed. Abolition of the trade has its roots in religious feelings and in radical Enlightenment thought, but its effects are clear: a cessation of slave taking, transportation and exploitation.\n\nHistorically, abolition was far from universally popular. William Wilberforce (1759-1833), the MP for Kingston-upon-Hull in Yorkshire, campaigned for many years in the face of bitter opposition from mercantile interests. His eventual success only outlawed slavery in British possessions and British involvement in any foreign trade. The Royal Navy acted as a “world policeman”, attempting to stop the African trade at source. Oddly, English judges had already decided that slaves could become free by stepping onto English soil in 1772. Wilberforce’s work was the start of a process that continues even today with attempts to stop “people trafficking”. False
technologies_long_description_admin3_code_napoleon \n\nThe Code is a set of laws designed to protect the ideals of the Revolution, but also to protect the rights of people and property in France. Some measures are surprisingly liberal, while others give almost draconian powers to family heads over wives and children. The intention, however, is to create a legal system that everyone can understand, and one that can control the population. The Code Napoleon increases repression, but improves happiness among the lower and middle classes.\n\nNapoleon claimed to prize his Civil Code above all his other works. In 1800 he ordered distinguished lawyers to remake French law in just five months. Although they did not meet the deadline, the code is still the basis of French law today. The clarity of the system has appealed to many other, non-French nations since, and some 70 nations now use a similar, proscriptive system of law. The Anglophone world continues to rely largely on a common law system, where precedent is used to determine legality, for much of its everyday law. False
technologies_long_description_admin3_metric_system \n\nMany measuring systems are age-old, and based on some aspect of human physiognomy: hands for measuring horses and the like. There are quirky relationships within measuring systems: who would set out to design a weight scale that has 16 ounces in a pound, yet 112 pounds in a hundredweight?\n\nA metric system creates arbitrary, but scientifically derived, units for length, volume, area, weight, and so on. One unified system can measure everything, and there is no complicated mathematics required, as only multiples of ten are used. Adopting such a scheme increases research rates and allows further research in a number of areas.\n\nHistorically, the French were not the first people to attempt a codified measuring system, but the work done by the French Academy of Sciences in the 1790s was certainly the most organised approach up to that time. Although officially adopted quite quickly, the public were not required by law to use metric measures until 1840. The metric system is now the de facto standard for all national armies, although many navies still use old “imperial” units like the fathom for depth and knot for speed. False
technologies_long_description_admin3_trade_unions \n\nOnce the ideas of revolution, liberty, and equality are mooted, the poor and downtrodden will want to know why these concepts do not apply equally to them. The growth of combinations and workers’ organisations is inevitable in societies where poverty can mean more than just low pay, but starvation. Trade unions give workers the ability to negotiate with employers from a position of strength: the individual can be dismissed, but not the whole workforce. Trade unions improve the happiness of the lower classes, and enable the construction of higher level law courts.\n\nHistorically, trade unions were declared illegal and widely feared by the landed and moneyed classes in most societies. The idea that the poor would dare to ask for more of anything, except a good horsewhipping, was only one step away from armed insurrection. The British reaction of passing the 1799 and 1825 Combination Acts was typical, as was the deportation to Australia of the “Tolpuddle Martyrs”, a group of agricultural labourers who had dared to form a society with the aim of obtaining better pay and conditions for themselves. False
technologies_long_description_admin4_dialectics \n\nDialectics attempts to resolve the conflict between two opposing arguments without proving, or disproving, either argument. As a method of debate it teaches careful and considered reasoning; the idea can be applied equally to natural philosophy, politics, law, and life generally. Dialectics provide a bonus to diplomatic relations and a bonus to research rates; scientists are armed with a new intellectual tool. It also allows the building of the best available courts and universities.\n\nThe concept, in the West, can be traced back to the Greek scholars of antiquity. However, it was during the explosion of free-thinking during the Enlightenment that the technique of thinking was revisited. Thanks to the enquiring mind of Georg Hegel (1770-1831), dialectics and many other advances in the practice of philosophy were promulgated. He built a comprehensive frame work around philosophical thought that would help others to understand the complexities of the human mind and its connection with nature. False
technologies_long_description_admin4_semaphore_lines \n\nNews can travel along a semaphore system far faster than any postal system. Chains of towers are built across the countryside, so that each is visible to its neighbours. Operators use telescopes to watch their neighbouring towers, and messages are passed by setting the position of the tower’s arms or large moveable boards. Each combination of positions carries a meaning; once copied from a tower, the semaphore operator can repeat the message, sending it further down the line. In this fashion, news, even from distant frontiers, can be sent across a country in a matter of moments. The effect is to increase the line of sight around the borders of a nation’s territory.\n\nThe bonfire or beacon is, possibly, the simplest of message systems. It can carry one pre-arranged message when fired, usually something along the lines of “The enemy are coming!” By having a system that can send multiple messages, semaphore lines reduce the response time in any situation. Napoleon saw the worth of a semaphore system for keeping in touch; the British Admiralty invested much time and effort in constructing a system between all its major operational ports. False
technologies_long_description_admin5_national_propaganda \n\nNewspapers, broadsheets, pamphlets, flyers, and posters can all be used to tell people about the glory won on the battlefield and the evil schemes of other nations. Such carefully crafted messages can also aid agents. A gentleman who is working for a noble, worthwhile cause will find it easier to persuade others to support it if he has a plausible version of the truth on his side. The morale of an army may also be increased in battle if soldiers believe in the righteousness of the national cause.\n\nIn reality, Napoleon was a master of using the press to burnish his own reputation, and to prepare the nation for changes in policy. The “Moniteur” newspaper, and other Parisian journals, harped on the perfidious intentions of Britain at every opportunity. Oddly, however, Napoleon was incensed when British newspapers returned the favour and traduced his reputation, and was considered by some to be angry enough over the matter to declare war. He didn’t seem to notice that the British press were horrid about everyone, and were as rude about “Prinny”, their own lardy, indolent, pie-guzzling, womanizing, booze-sodden, and debauched Prince Regent, as they were about a short Corsican in a funny hat. Some things never change. False
technologies_long_description_admin5_passports \n\nThose without the correct documentation cannot proceed on their way, and governments are not above changing the required documents without notice as a way of controlling their people. Passports and adequate record keeping also allow governments to monitor exactly how many suspicious foreigners may be lurking on their soil at any one time. Such knowledge can be of great use in making life much harder for spies and foreign provocateurs to carry out their foul and nefarious schemes of sabotage and spreading discontent!\n\nA “pass port” was the right to enter or leave by a gate. The invention of the modern idea of a passport is credited to the English king Henry V (1386?1422) and was called a “safe conduct”. This guaranteed that the person carrying it could travel safely to and in foreign lands. Passports have since changed to become a proof of identity and a guarantee that a person will be aided and defended from threats to his well being by his country. Many embassies spend much of their time and resources helping citizens in distress in foreign parts, and the guarantee of support to a passport holder continues to include the use of military force. False